VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE

What is voltage?

Voltage is the pressure from an electrical circuit’s power source that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as illuminating a light.
In brief, voltage = pressure, and it is measured in volts (V). The term recognizes Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), inventor of the voltaic pile—the forerunner of today’s household battery.
In electricity’s early days, voltage was known as electromotive force (emf). This is why in equations such as Ohm’s Law, voltage is represented by the symbol E.


Example of voltage in a simple direct current (dc) circuit:


  1. In this dc circuit, the switch is closed (turned ON).
  2. Voltage in the power source—the “potential difference” between the battery’s two poles—is activated, creating pressure that forces electrons to flow as current out the battery’s negative terminal.
  3. Current reaches the light, causing it to glow.
  4. Current returns to the power source.

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